Growth of Nationalism ICSE Class 10 Board Exam Questions And Answers

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Growth of Nationalism Class 10 ICSE Questions and Answers

Please refer to solved questions for chapter Growth of Nationalism provided below. These questions and answers are expected to come in the examinations. Students should learn these so that they are able to answer the questions properly in exams and get good marks. Refer to Important Questions for ICSE Class 10 History and Civics for all chapters on our website.

Growth of Nationalism Questions and Answers

Short Answer Type Questions

(1) What is meant by the term nationalism ?
Ans. Nationalism is a feeling of oneness, and common consciousness shared among the people living in common territory based on political, historical, racial, cultural, religious and psychological factors.

(2) Who introduced the Ilbert Bill? Why was it withdrawn later?
Ans. The Ilbert Bill which was introduced by the Viceroy Lord Ripon, sought to abolish judicial disqualification based on race distinctions. This was resented by the British and they started a Defence Association to defend their special privileges. This reaction provoked counter-agitation by educated Indians.
The government ultimately withdrew the Bill and enacted a more moderate measure.

(3) Mention the contribution of Rajaram Mohan Roy in socio religious reforms?
Ans. Contribution of Raja Rammohan Roy –
(i) He established the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 which attacked the caste system, child marriage and the Sati system.
(ii) He presented a petition to the court against press regulations.

(4) Which reforms were introduced by Jyotiba Phule for the downtrodden people of India?
Ans. (i) Jyotiba Phule, a great social reformer, felt that all the problems of the lower castes (Shudras and Atishudras) could be solved if proper education was provided to them.
(ii) He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of the society. In 1854 he established a school for untouchables and started a private orphanage for the widows.

(5) Who were the founders of the following :
(i) Arya Samaj
(ii) Ram Krishna Mission
(iii) Aligarh Movement
Ans. (i) Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayananda.
(ii) Ramkrishna Mission was founded in 1896 by Swami Vivekananda.
(iii) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the founder of the Aligarh Movement in India.

(6) What were the aims and objectives of Indian National Congress?
Ans. Aims of the Indian National Congress
(i) To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country.
(ii) To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province.
(iii) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government.
(iv) To train and organise public opinion in the country.

(7) Enlist the reactionary policies of Lord Lytton.
Ans. The reactionary policies pursued by Lord Lytton –
(i) The Vernacular Press Act (1878);
(ii) The Indian Arms Act, (1878)
(iii) Organising a Grand Delhi Darbar in 1877 during famine;
(iv) Reduction in the maximum age limit for the Civil Service Examination from 21 to 19 years and
(v) Elimination of import duties on British textiles.

(8) Name any two associations which acted as the forerunners of the Indian National Congress.
OR
Name two forerunners of the Indian National Congress.
Ans. (i) The East India Association – 1866.
(ii) The Indian Association of Calcutta – 1876.

(9) When and by whom was the Indian National Congress founded ?
Ans. The Indian National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume, a retired English civil servant on December 28, 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.

(10) Name some prominent leaders who attended the first session of the Congress.
Ans. Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji, G. Subramania lyer and N.G. Chandavarkar, K.T. Telang, Pherozeshah Mehta, Anand Charlu and Justice Ranade.

(11) When and by whom was the East India Association formed ?
Ans. Dadabhai Naoroji, in London, in 1866.

(12) What was the main objective of the East India Association ?
Ans. (i) To publicize Indian grievances and to enlist the support of the British people in remedying the same.
(ii) It also aimed to provide information on all Indian subjects to British citizens and members of Parliament.

(13) When and where was the Indian National Conference convened by Surendranath Banerjee?
Ans. At Calcutta in December 1883.

(14) Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress? Who presided over the second session of INC?
Ans. Wyomesh Chandra Bannerjee was the president of the first session of Congress in 1885. The second session was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1886.

(15) Why did the British introduce western education in India ?
Ans. (i) The British wanted regular supply of clerks to run their administration.
(ii) They wanted to propagate western culture to win loyalty of the educated Indians and wanted them to act as a link between the government and the masses.

(16) Name the newspapers which aroused the feelings of nationalism among the Indians in the 19th century.
Ans. Amrit Bazar Patrika, The Bengali, The Tribune, The Times of India, The Hindu and The Statesman.

(17) In what respect did growth of press and national literature help in the growth of nationalism ?
Ans. (i) The press criticised the unjust policies of the government which raised political consciousness among people. It exposed the true nature of the British rule.
(ii) The Press reflected public opinions and vented administrative grievances against the government.

(18) Give two evidences to show that the British followed the policy of economic exploitation.
Ans. (i) The policy of free trade followed by the British hit the Indian trade and industry hard.
(ii) The Britishers took raw material from India at very cheap rates, and sold their machine made goods in Indian markets.

(19) Which Act of the British was termed as the ‘Gagging Act’?
Ans. Vernacular Press Act of 1878, introduced by Lord Lytton was termed as the Gagging Act. It forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government. The Act was not applicable to English newspapers. In 1882 this Act was repealed by
Lord Ripon.

(20) Name two Acts passed by the British government which showed the racial pride of British rulers.
Ans. (i) The Arms Act (1878).
(ii) Vernacular Press Act (1878).
Both these repressive Acts were not applicable to the whites

(21) What was Ilbert Bill? Why was it regarded as a racial badge?
Ans. The Ilbert Bill was a simple measure, putting Indian judges at par with the European judges in dealing with all cases in the Bengal Presidency. According to this Bill, the Indian Session Judges were to be given permission
to try Europeans who were accused of crimes. But there was a huge opposition by the British and other Europeans in India so the Bill was withdrawn. The European reaction to the Bill was an act of racialism and it became a crucial issue to the new, enlightened Indian middle class.

(22) By whom and when was the Brahmo Samaj founded? Mention any two social evils that came in for severe criticism by the Brahmo Samaj.
Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828. The Brahmo Samaj attacked the caste system, the practice of polygamy, child marriage and the Sati system. Rammohan Roy started his anti-Sati crusade in 1818.

(23) When and by whom was the Bengali weekly ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ started?
Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy had started a Bengali weekly called the ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ in 1821.

(24) Mention any one important effort made by Rammonhan Roy in support of freedom of press.
Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy presented a petition to the Supreme Court for legal action to be taken against Press Regulations. He demanded liberty of press.

(25) Mention any two social reforms favoured by Jyotiba Phule.
Ans. Jyotiba Phule favoured upliftment of shudras and atishudras through education and betterment of widowed women and their children.

(26) When and by whom was the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded?
Ans. Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj on 24th September 1873.

(27) What did the Satya Shodhak Samaj endeavour to do?
Ans. The Society endeavoured to mitigate the distress and sufferings of dalits, women and the common people. Jyotiba Phule conceived this society with an aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of the society.

(28) By whom and when was the Arya Samaj founded?
Ans. The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

(29) Who was the founder of the Ramkrishna Mission?
Ans. The Ramakrishna Mission was founded in 1896 by Swami Vivekananda.

(30) Who was the founder of the Aligarh Movement? What was its main objective?
Ans. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the founder of the Aligarh Movement in India. The objective of the Aligarh Movement was to instill in the Muslims a desire for western education and culture.

(31) What was the influence of Western education on the minds of educated Indians in the 19th century?
Ans. Western education instilled in the minds of the educated classes the Western ideas of liberty and equality. It also gave them a common language which made it possible for them to understand each other and plan a common programme of action.

(32) What role did the Press (Newspapers and Magazines) play in fostering patriotism among our countrymen in the 19th century?
Ans. (i) It was through the press that the message of patriotism and modern liberal ideals of liberty, freedom, equality, home rule and independence, spread among the people.
(ii) The press carried on daily critcism of the unjust policies of the British Government in India and exposed the true nature of British rule in India.

(33) Give two evidences to suggest that the British pursued the policy of economic exploitation in India.
Ans. (i) Burden of taxes was constantly on the increase, but the government did very little to promote the welfare of the people.
(ii) Huge expenditure was incurred on army and the police force to sustain Britain’s imperial interests.

(34) Give one reason why the Indian handicrafts declined during the British rule.
Ans. British rule had a very damaging effect on Indian handicrafts. Heavy duties were imposed on goods imported into England from India. Further, British goods were forced upon India, since she was at the mercy of her foreign masters.

(35) In what way did the zamindars and the money-lenders exploit the peasants in India?
Ans. Under the ‘zamindari system’ the peasants were left absolutely at the mercy of the landlord, who could drive them off their land at any time. The British framed their economic policies in favour of the zamindar. The Indian peasants had to sell their produce at cheap prices in order to satisfy the greed of the money-lenders, the zamindars and the government officials.

(36) Name the Act of Lord Lytton’s regime which sought to limit the freedom
of the press.
Ans. The Vernacular Press Act crushed the freedom of the vernacular news papers. The Act required the editors to publish nothing that would excite disaffection against the Government. Many editors who opposed the Act were sentenced to jail.

(37) What was the main provision of the Indian Arms Act of 1878?
Ans. The Indian Arms Act (1878) made it a criminal offence for the Indians to keep or bear arms without licence. Surendranath Banerjee’s reaction was that the Act “imposed on us a badge of racial inferiority”.

(38) What was the objective of the Ilbert Bill? Why was it not passed?
Ans. A bill was prepared in 1883 by Ilbert, the Law Member of the Governor-General’s Executive Council. This Bill was introduced by Viceroy Lord Lytton to do way with the racial discrimation practised in Indian judiciary. The Anglo-Indian community carried on a wild agitation to protect their special privileges. The Government ultimately withdrew the Bill and negotiated a compromise.

(39) Who was the founder of the Indian Association ? In which year was it established ? What were its main objectives?
Ans. Surendranath Banerjee was the founder of the Indian Association. It was established in 1876.
(i) Creation of a strong body of public opinion.
(ii) Integration of Indian people on the basis of common political interests.
(iii) Promotion of friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims.
(iv) Mass partcipation in public movement.

(40) Who was the founder of the East India Association ? In which year was it founded ? What was its main objective?
Ans. Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association. It was founded in 1866.
(i) To provide information on all Indian subjects to the British public and members of parliament.
(ii) To voice grievances of Indians.
(iii) To suggest remedial measures.

(41) Name the prominent reform movements of British India?
Ans. Prominent reform movements were Brahmo Samaj (founded by Raja Rammohan Roy), Arya Samaj (founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati), Ramkrishna Mission (founded by Swami Vivekananda) and Satya Shodhak
Samaj (founded by Jyotiba Phule).

(42) State the reforms undertaken by Jyotiba Phule in the field women’s upliftment?
Ans. (i) Jyotiba Phule started private orphange for the widows.
(ii) He pioneered the widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra and worked for the education of women.
(iii) He along with his wife Savitribai Phule started a girls school in Pune in 1848.

(43) How did western education lead to socio-religious reform movement.
Ans. The impact of western edcuation led to a rational, humanitarian and scientific approach to life, made the educated Indians realise the need to reform their religion and society. They felt that the path to progress lay in the acceptance of the best of the East and the West. The result was the birth of socio-religious reform movements touching almost every segment of Indian society.

(44) State the role of press in British India.
Ans. The role of the press can be stated as an important integrating force in society.
(i) Held campaigns for social reforms to influence activities of the state.
(ii) Aroused political consciousness among the Indians and prepared them for national struggle. People came to know about democracy, socialism etc.
(iii) Demanded increased participation of the Indians in national movement.
(iv) Highlighted the unjust economic policies of the British government.reflected the public opinion of the country.

(45) Why is Allen Octavian Hume regarded as the founding father of Congress?
Ans. (i) A.O. Hume was a retired member of the Indian Civil Service and wanted to set up an organisation that would draw the attention of government towards the drawbacks of administration and also suggest the means to remove them.
(ii) He wrote an open letter to the graduates of the Calcutta University asking them to dedicate themselves to the service of the people by forming an organisation.
(iii) In 1884 he laid the foundation of Indian National Union which was converted to Indian National Congress.

(1) After 1858, various factors led to the rise of Indian nationalism. In this context describe the impact of the following :
(i) Economic exploitation of India
(a) Peasants
(b) Artisans and Craftsmen
(c) Working Class
(d) Educated Class
(ii) Role of Press
Ans. (i) The aim of British policies in India was to promote their own interest at the cost of welfare of Indians. The economic discontent of various sections of the society was as follows :
(a) The peasants were the main victims of British colonial policies.
The government took away a large part of their produce in the form of land revenues and exorbitant taxes which led them into the clutches of landlords and moneylenders.
(b) The artisans and craftsmen were devoid of their livelihood as East India Company used its political powers to destroy Indian handicrafts and industry. India became a source of raw materials for industries of Britain and a market for its finished goods.
(c) The industrial working class was exploited by factory owners, who were generally Englishmen.
(d) The educated unemployed Indian youth had to face high competition for few available jobs in the government administration and chances of promotions thereby were bleak. British capitalism had kept India economically backward. Hence the economic distress of Indians had created a powerful stimulus for the spirit of nationalism.

(ii) Role of Press : The newpapers played a significant role in developing a strong national sentiment among the Indians. It did so in the following manner:
(i) It was through the press that the message of patriotism and modern liberal ideals of liberty, freedom, equality, home rule and independence, spread among the people.
(ii) The press carried on daily criticism of the unjust policies of the British Government in India and exposed the true nature of British rule in India.
(iii) It made possible the exchange of views among different social groups from different parts of the country and organising political movements.
(iv) It made Indians aware of what was happening in the world. This awareness helped them to understand the political and social development of the outside world and shape their own policies and programmes.

(2) In the context of rise of Nationalism, explain the following :
(i) The Vernacular Press Act, 1878.
(ii) Ilbert Bill Controversy
Ans. (i) (a) While some of the English newspapers which were owned by the British were supporters of the British rule, most of the others, both in English and Indian languages, voiced the aspirations of the Indian people.
(b) They voiced the grievances of the Indian people and gave expressionto their social, economic and political demands.
(c) They made people aware of the happenings in different parts of the country as well as of the world.
(d) Many of these newspapers suffered persecution at the hands of the British rulers as they were arousing the national feelings among the Indians. Lord Lytton, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, adopted reactionary and oppressive policies in India to supress the Indian newspapers.
(e) In 1878, he passed the most unpopular Vernacular Press Act and denied the freedom of expression to the Indian newspapers.
(f) The Act was condemned as the ‘Gagging Act’ throughout India.The Act required the Editors to publish nothing that could excite disaffection against the government.
(g) Many Editors who opposed this Act were sent to jail.
(h) The differential treatment meted out to English and Vernacular Press was hateful and unjust. This Act was repealed by Lord Ripon.

(ii) (a) Sir C.P. IIbert, the Law member of the Viceroy’s Council prepared a bill, popularly known as the Ilbert Bill in 1883.
(b) The Bill, which was introduced by the Viceroy, Lord Ripon, sought to abolish judicial disqualification based on race distinctions. This was resented by the British and they started a Defence Association to defend their special privileges.
(c) This reaction provoked counter-agitation by educated Indians. The government ultimately withdrew the Bill and enacted a more moderate measure which vested the power of trying Europeans to a Session Judge and a District Magistrate who might be an Indian.
(d) This bill made it clear to the Indians that justice and fairplay could not be expected where the interests of the European community were involved.

(3) The birth of the Indian National Congress was an event of great significance in the Indian history. In this context, answer the following questions :
(i) How did the British react when the Indian National Congress was founded ? Why did their attitude change later ?
(ii) Who was its President in the first and the second session ? Where did these session take place ?
(iii) Mention its aims and objectives.
Ans. (i) (a) The INC was formed by the combined efforts of both the Englishmen and Indian leaders. A.O. Hume, a retired official, was its founder.
(b) Lord Dufferin also blessed the Congress because he wanted to have a political organisation through which he could ascertain the real wishes of the people and thus save the administration from any possible political outburst.

(c) It was due to this attitude that many distinguished British officials attended the First Session of the Congress. The Second Session of 1886 was held at Calcutta and in this session the Congress delegates were welcomed by Lord Dufferin. Even during the Third Session, the delegates were given a colourful reception by the Governor of Madras.

(d) But this friendly attitude of the government did not last long as the Congress began to demand more and more rights for the ndians. The growing strength of the Congress was not liked by the government.

(e) So after 1887, the government declared it ‘a ‘microscopic minority’ of the people’ and began to create obstacles in its progress.
(f) The officials encouraged reactionary elements like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and others to organise the United Indian Patriotic Association to counter the Congress propaganda.

(iii) (a) Promotion of close friendly relations between nationalist workers from different parts of the country.
(b) Development and consolidation of the feeling of national unity,irrespective of caste, religion or region.
(c) The formulation of popular demands on main Indian problems and their presentation before the Government.
(d) To train and organise public opinion in the country.

(4) With reference to the rise of Indian National Movement, explain the relevance of each of the following :
(i) Socio-religious reform movements
(ii) Contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(iii) Contribution of Jyotiba Phule
Ans. (i) The socio-religious reform movement of 19th C were great pioneers of Indian nationalism. The impact of Western education, which led to a rational, humanitarian and scientific approach to life made the educated Indians realise the need to reform their religion and society.
(a) In social sphere, these movements worked for abolition of caste system, child marriage, dowry system, purdah system, sati and infanticide.
(b) In religious sphere, these reform movements combated religious superstitions, attacked idolatry, polytheism and hereditary priesthood. These movements fought for individual liberty and social equality.
(c) Prominent among these were Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Arya Samaj founded by Dayanand Saraswati, Ram Krishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda and Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule.

(ii) (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest social and religious reformers of the 19th C. He wanted to do away with the social and religious evils which were prevalent in Bengal.

(b) In 1828, he founded Brahmo Sabha, later came to be called as Brahmo Samaj. It believed in monotheism or worship of one God. It condemned idol-worship and laid emphasis on prayers, meditation, charity, morality and strengthening the bonds of unity between men of all religions and creeds.

(c) Roy was against the caste system and started a campaign to abolish sati, polygamy, purdah and child marriage. He advocated the right of widows to remarry.

(d) Due to the efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy; the Governor General of India, Sir William Bentinck made a law in 1829 that made sati illegal and punishable.

(e) Roy also protested against restrictions on freedom of Press. He was truly the ‘father of Indian Renaissance’ and the ‘prophet of Indian Nationalism’

(iii) Jyotiba was an urban educated member of low caste. His education and personal experiences made him critical of Hindu religion and customs.
(a) In 1854, he established a school for untouchables and started a private orphanage for widows.
(b) His objective was to liberate and educate the depressed classes; hence he founded Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of the society.
(c) He pioneered the widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra and worked for their education.

Notes for Growth of Nationalism

Causes of the rise of the nationalism
 British policy of economic exploitation:
• They drained the wealth of India to England.
• The peasants suffered under heavy land taxes.
• The peasants were forced to produce Jute.
• They ruined cottage industries.

Effects of the Great rising of 1857:
• They suppress revolt of 1857 brutality
• Many people killed in the revolt.
• The revolt created discontent towards British rule.
• The revolt gave birth sentiment of Nationalism.

British Imperialism:
• British rule gave people a new sense of political unity.
• British introduced uniform laws.
• People of India think about one nation.
• So the people of India meet and understand each other which birth sentiments of one nation

Repressive Colonial policies:
• British adopted repressive policies against Indians.
• It created discontent among the Indians.
• Lord Lytton introduced vernacular press act,1878.
• Partition of Bengal forced Indians to get rid of the British rule.
• Influence of the means of Transport and communication:
• It birth fast movement of people in the country.
• The leaders use telegraph and railways to circulate sentiments of one nation.

Western thought and Education:
• They wanted to propagate the western culture and to win the loyalty of educated Indians.
• But it have adverse impact,Indians got information about democratic idea,secularism etc.
• Indian Press and Litrarture:
• Many news papers were published and spread feelings of nationalism.
• Tilak’s weeklies kesari and anad math of B.c. Chatterji inspired the people.

Rediscovery of India’s Glorious past:
• Many Britishers propagate that Indians can not govern so it ruled by the foreigners.
• Sir William Jones,Max muller etc. provide political social and cultural advancement of India in the past.
• Many Indian writers wrote about India’s glorious past that gave birth nationalism.

Socio-religious Reform movement:
• Many social reformers like Raja Rammohan,Jyotiba Phule etc did efforts to get rid social evils and they made Indians politically conscious.

Raja Ram mohan roy:
                I. He founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
                II. Due to his efforts lord Bentinck abolished sati system.
                III. He was known as Father of Indian Nationalism.

Jyotiba Phule:
              I. He founded satyashodak samaj in 1873.
              II. He published “Tales of the untouchables”.
              III. He also Known as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule because of his works.

The Indian national Congress
• During second half the 19th century many political organization formed.
• They were local but played important role to make INC in dec. 1885.
• East India Association founded by Dadabhai naoroji in Londan which have many Branches in India.
• Surendra nath Banerjee set up the Indian Association in 1876.

Foundation of Indian National Congress
I. A.O. Hume(ICS) considered father of the Indian National Congress.
II. He want to show drawbacks of British Government.
III. As a result, A confrance of representatives of different was convend by the union at poona but due to plague it was held at Bombay In 1885 .
IV. President was W.c. banarjee.
V. It was attended by 72 delegates.
VI. The union name changed as INC

Objective of INC:
I. To promote Friendly relations
II. To formulate polpular demands and palce them the government.
III. To develop nationalism.

Growth of Nationalism Class 10 ICSE MCQ Questions and Answers

Check Our Growth of Nationalism Class 10 ICSE MCQ Questions with Answers free Pdf download. Class 10 Social Science MCQ Questions with Answers are prepared according to the latest exam pattern of Icse boards. We have Provided you Growth of Nationalism Class 10 ICSE MCQ with Answers to make your preparation to score good marks in the Class 10 exam.

Question 1.
The Non-cooperation Movement began on which one of the following dates?
(a) November 1921
(b) December 1921
(c) May 1921
(d) January 1921

Question 2.
Who organised the dalits into the Depressed classes Association?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Motilal Nehru
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Question 3.
In which of the following Indian National Congress sessions was the demand of‘Purna Swaraj’ formalised in December 1929?
(a) Lahore Session
(b) Calcutta Session
(c) Nagpur Session
(d) Madras Session

Question 4.
Who among the following was associated with the formation of Swaraj Party within the Congress?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Question 5.
In which of the following places Mahatma Gandhi organised satyagraha for the first time in India?
(a) Champaran
(b) Dandi
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Kheda

Question 6.
Which of the following agreements gave reserved seats to the ‘Depressed classes’ in provincial and central legislative councils?
(a) None of these
(b) Lucknow Pact
(c) Gandhi Irwin Pack
(d) Poona Pact

Question 7.
Who announced a vague offer of‘Dominion Status’ for India in 1929?
(a) Lord Mountbalten
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Viceroy Irwin
(d) Lord William Bentick

Question 8.
Which of the following combination of colours was there in the ‘Swaraj flag’ designed by Gandhiji in 1921?

(a) red, green and yellow
(b) orange, white and green
(c) yellow, white and green
(d) red, green and white

Question 9.
Who created the first image of Bharat Mata?
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Abanindranath Tagore
(d) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Question 10.
Why had the Congress ignored the dalits for long?

(a) Due to fear from the Britishers
(b) For fear of offending the sanatanis
(c) For fear of Dr B.R. Ambedkar
(d) Due to their liberal outlook

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