Students should refer to Non aligned Movement Class 10 ICSE notes provided below which has been designed by ICSE Class 10 History teacher based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines for ICSE Class 10 History. You should carefully read through and understand all topics of this chapter given below so that you can learn the concepts given in Chapter Non aligned Movement which will be very useful if you use them prior to your History exams.
ICSE Class 10 History Non aligned Movement Summary
We have provided below a summary of Chapter Non aligned Movement. This is an important chapter in Standard 10th ICSE History. The summary provided below has been prepared by expert History faculty for ICSE based on the latest ICSE books. You should refer to all Chapter Summaries ICSE Class 10 History which will help you to understand all chapters and to get more marks in exams.
Non aligned Movement ICSE Class 10 History
Scope of syllabus:
• Meaning of NAM
• Objectives of NAM
• Factors responsible for NAM
• Panchsheel
• NAM Summit
• Role played by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
MEANING OF NON-ALIGNMENT
Non-alignment is the international policy of a sovereign state according to which it does not align itself with any of the power blocs and at the same time actively participates in the world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and co-operation.
Features of NAM –
1) It is not aligned to any of the power blocs.
2) It is opposed to any kind of military alliances like NATO [North Atlantic Treaties Organization], SEATO [South East Asian Treaties Organization] Warsaw Pact.
3) It retains its freedom to take independent foreign policy decisions.
4) It is free to be friendly with both the power blocs.
Factors responsible for NAM –
1) The newly independent countries of Asia & Africa realized that aligning with any of the Power Blocs was not in their larger interest and it might endanger world peace.
2) They wanted to solve their problems without outside interference.
3) They wanted to enjoy their newly acquired freedom.
4) They wanted to promote goodwill and co-operation among the nations of Asia & Africa.
5) In order to boost their economic development, they considered it worthwhile not to align with any of the Power Blocs so as to get economic assistance from both of them.
Objectives of NAM –
1) To keep away from super power rivalry, to protect and preserve their newly acquired independence.
2) To eliminate all those causes which may lead to war.
3) To protect the freedom of the new independent nations of Asia & Africa.
4) To oppose Colonialism, imperialism, and racial discrimination.
5) To encourage friendly relations among countries.
6) To oppose the use of force and to work for the abolition of nuclear weapons.
Three founding members [architects] of NAM –
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru – First Prime Minister of India
• Joseph Tito – President of Yugoslavia
• Gamal Abdel Nasser – President of Egypt.
Role played by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru –
1) He was against alignment with any of the two power blocs.
2) He advocated the principles of democratic socialism.
3) His policy of non-alignment however was not meant to promote a Third Bloc but to ensure freedom of decision making of recently decolonized states.
4) He was against the mad race for armaments and called for disarmament.
PRINCIPLES OF PANCHSHEEL
In 1954, India and China signed an agreement containing five principles of peaceful co-existence. These principles are collectively called PANCHSHEEL and they became the guidelines for NAM.
They are –
1) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
2) Mutual non-aggression 3) Equality for mutual benefit.
4) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
5) Peaceful co-existence.
First NAM summit –
1) First NAM Summit was held in September 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia.
2) It was attended by-
(i) 25- Afro-Asian Countries
(ii) One- European Country [Cyprus]
(iii) Three- Latin American Countries participated as observers.
Contribution of Pt. Nehru to curb the mad race for armaments –
1) Nehru was against the mad race for armaments and he called for disarmaments, and abolition of stock piles of Nuclear weapons.
2) It was in pursuance of his policy of disarmament that India signed a treaty in 1963 for banning atomic tests.
